Negative Credit Information

Your credit score is likely to be hurt when negative information shows up on your credit report. There is a varying degree of impact from late payments, collection accounts, charge-offs and bankruptcies.

Negative information on your credit report tends to stick around for awhile, and could make it harder to qualify for new financing (such as loans and credit cards). The good news is: they don’t stay on your report forever.

It can be difficult to understand how credit scores work. One puzzling factor is that specific items on your credit report (credit score factors) are not worth a preset number of points.

For example, you won’t automatically lose 20 points, or any set number of points for a 30-day late payment that is newly showing up on your report. You could just be earning fewer points, which would result in a lower score the next time your credit score is calculated.

The credit scoring models like FICO and VantageScore consider all of your credit report information at once. Someone with a clean credit report who receives a new collection account might have a larger decrease in their score than someone who already has blemishes on their credit. However, the person with the cleaner credit report would still have a higher score overall.

Two other factors have a role in how negative information impacts your credit score: age and severity. As for age, a more recent late payment is likely going to damage your score more than a late payment that is several years old.  As for severity, a 90-day late payment tends to be more damaging than one that is 30 days late.

Negative information does the most damage to your credit score when it first appears on your credit report. The derogatory information will hurt your score as long as it is reporting, but becomes less pronounced over time, especially if you have avoided adding more derogatory items.

Any item that is reporting on your credit report is likely to affect your credit score for good or bad. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) is a federal law that regulates the three major credit bureaus, as well as others. The maximum shelf life of derogatory information is seven to ten years. There are some exceptions to this rule.

Examples:

7 Years

• Late Payments

• Collection Accounts

• Medical Collections

• Charge- Offs

• Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

10 Years

• Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

• Accounts closed in good standing

2 Years

• Credit inquiries

Indefinite

• Defaulted federal student loans

Incorrect & Outdated Information

There isn’t much you can do about an accurate but negative item on your credit report. You can however, talk to the creditor about a goodwill removal (which is not always granted). Most negative items will keep showing on your credit report as long as the law allows.

If you have an item on your credit report that is inaccurate or it has been reporting for longer than the FCRA permits, there are a few actions you can take.

• Dispute: You have the right to dispute any incorrect or outdated information on your credit report. You can send disputes online or by mail, but the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recommends using certified mail for dispute letters. This method allows you to verify that your letter was received and that a real person is reviewing your dispute. Online disputes are computerized.

• Complain: Along with disputing the incorrect information on your credit report, you can file a complaint with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).

• Legal Action: If disputes and complaints aren’t fixing your issues, you might consider talking to an attorney specialized in the FCRA. An attorney can help you discover if your rights have been violated. They will advise you on steps you may not have taken and will initiate legal action when necessary.

Negative information on your credit report has the potential to damage your credit score and make it harder to qualify for financing and applying for any type of credit. It is best to avoid issues like late payments charge-offs, and collection accounts. If you do happen to make a mistake or have an error in your credit report, all hope isn’t lost. You can still bounce back and improve your credit for the future.

Buy Now, Pay Later & Credit Score

Buy now pay later options do not generally affect peoples credit and do not yet routinely appear on most credit reports. The credit bureaus; TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian are each working through this relatively new system and how to report on these services in the context of credit worthiness and a borrowers financial obligations. 

This means that a good record of payment on your buy now, pay later accounts will not help build your credit. It also won’t hurt your credit unless your account is sent to collections. This payment option is popular with younger generations, as they are least likely to have built their credit. For now, it is a good way to practice building your credit. 

How Buy Now, Pay Later Works

When you purchase something online, some stores may offer to divide your purchase into smaller installment payments. Most often into four payments, every two weeks. The most used options are Affirm, Afterpay, Klarna, Paypal, and Zip. They partner with retailers who pay them commission. 

Approval is partially based on data that includes address stability, public records and previous history you may have with the lender and banking information. 

Opportunities for Credit Building

The credit bureaus are working hard to incorporate this method into their formulas. Consumers are using these accounts online more frequently than traditional credit cards and loans, especially young consumers. This could prove to be most beneficial to build up credit. 

There are Risks

Since buy now, pay later loans are new and unregulated they are often paid late, most often by consumers of the age group 18-30. BNPY lack the typical protections you would have under a credit card such as dispute resolutions. The easy access to the application causes the consumer to impulsively purchase and buildup debt faster than they normally would. The consumer may also rack up multiple BNPL accounts on multiple sites that could potentially lead to collection accounts. Once sent to collections, it will end up on credit reports. 

The Credit Bureaus

It has been decades since a new type of credit has been in the market. The BNPY system does not fit perfectly within the two categories they have in place now: Installment loans that span months or years and revolving credit like credit cards. 

The bureaus are working together to find a format that fits and are figuring out a common ground.

Current Plans:

• Experian has announced it plans a specialty bureau to hold buy now, pay later data. Information from the specialty bureau will be “promoted” periodically into the consumer’s core credit file.
  

• Equifax plans to add the information to regular credit reports.
  

• TransUnion has said it will partition off the data on core credit reports.

What is a Credit Score?

Credit scores indicate your level of risk as a borrower. There are different credit scores that use unique formulas but they each will typically include factors such as: payment history and amounts owed. 

What Is a Credit Score?

A credit score is a number that measures how risky you are as a borrower aka your credit worthiness. Financial institutions use this score to measure how much they can trust you. Credit scores are calculated by your past behavior with loans, credit cards, and other financial products. The higher your credit score, the lower risk you pose to lenders. Higher scores usually mean that you can expect better terms and lower rates when you borrow money. 

You might not realize that you have hundreds of of credit scores, not just one. The FICO brand of credit scores used to be the only scoring system3. Established by Fair Isaac Corporation, FICO, remains the main type of credit score used by lenders to evaluate the credit ratings of applicants. When you hear about credit scores, it usually means the FICO Score. However, under the FICO brand there are different types of FICO Scores for different purposes. For example, when applying for a student loan or buying a house, the bank may use a different type of score than if you are applying for a credit card. 

Most recently, the three major credit bureaus (TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian) have banded together to create another scoring system called VantageScore. This score relies on a slightly different set of weighted criteria than FICO Scores. If you receive a free credit score on your credit card statement, you may read the fine print to find out what scoring model and credit bureau data they are using. 

Range of Credit Score

VantageScore 3.0, 4.0, and most FICO Scores range from 300-850. Older versions of VantageScore and some other types of FICO Scores have different numerical values. 

What isn’t In Your Credit Score

Your FICO and VantageScore credit scores only consider your account information on your credit reports. They do not consider things like:

• Your income (credit card companies will ask for this when you apply for new credit, though)

• Your specific place of residence

• Your age, race, gender, religion, marital status, or national origin

• Child support/family support obligations

• Whether or not you’re using credit counseling services

Criteria Used by FICO and VantageScore

FICO and VantageScore determine credit scores by evaluating similar factors that essentially boil down to the following:

• Your payment history

• Amounts owed, particularly versus your overall available credit

• The age of your credit history

• The types of credit accounts opened in your name (loans, credit cards, etc.)

• New/recent applications for credit

It is generally safe to assume that the biggest factor that impacts your credit score is your payment history followed by amounts owed and utilization of credit. 

Exactly how these factors impact a given score can vary, but it’s generally safe to assume that your payment history is the biggest consideration, and that’s nearly always followed by your amounts owed/utilization.

Here is an outline of a few of the more commonly used scoring formulas:

FICO Scoring Criteria

(Scores range from 300 to 850)

• 35% Payment history

• 30% Amounts owed

• 15% Length of credit history

• 10% New credit

• 10% Types of credit

VantageScore 3.0 Scoring Criteria

(Scores range from 300 to 850)

• 40% Payment history

• 20% Credit Utilization

• 11% Balances (total amount owed)

• 21% Depth of credit (length of credit history, types of credit)

• 5% Recent credit

• 3% Available credit

VantageScore 4.0 Scoring Criteria

(Scores range from 300 to 850)

• 41% Payment history

• 20% Credit Utilization

• 20% Age/Mix of Credit

• 11% New Credit

• 6% Balances

• 2% Available credit

Look for our next blog for the break down of these elements included in FICO Scores. 

Twitter Shredded by Credit Karma's Comically Inaccurate Scoring

Last week, Twitter was bombarded with consumers expressing their (hilarious) frustrations concerning their credit scores provided by Credit Karma, the personal finance company owned by Intuit. 

The frustration comes from users realizing that Credit Karma is providing them with lower credit scores than what is found on their credit reports. 

Consumers were tweeting about applying for credit cards, loans, and attempting to purchase vehicles thinking that they had good or excellent credit, only to find out that the credit score that the issuer pulled was lower than what they had found on Credit Karma. The tweet that started the meme trend can be found here.  

Twitter users were quick to share and create memes about how their credit score was inflated on Credit Karma. @RiotGrlErin had even tweeted “checking your credit score on credit karma is like checking your symptoms on WebMd.”

But, users were on to something important when it comes to checking your credit score. There are many reasons why your credit scores differ between what a personal finance website tells you and what lenders or credit card companies find. There are mainly two reasons: For one, a lender may pull your credit from different credit bureaus, either Equifax, Experian, or TransUnion. Your score can differ depending on which bureau your report is pulled from, since they do not all receive the same information about your credit accounts. Secondly, there are different credit score models and versions that exist across the board. 

Credit Karma’s website states that they use the VantageScore® 3.0 model. VantageScore may look at the same facts that the other popular FICO scoring models does, such as your payment history, amounts owed, length of credit history, new credit and your credit mix but each scoring model weighs these factors differently. Because of this, VantageScore and FICO Scores tend to vary from one another. The VantageScore® 3.0 on Credit Karma will likely be different from your FICO Score that lenders use most often. If you are planning on applying for credit, make sure to check your FICO score since there is a good chance that lenders will use this to determine your creditworthiness. FICO Scores are used in over 90% of U.S. lending decisions. It is important to note that there are also industry-specific FICO Scores to look at when you are planning a specific purchase. For example FICO® Auto Scores are ideal if you are wanting to finance a car with an auto loan. If you are planning to buy a house you should look at FICO® Scores 2, 5 and 4. 

The best way to look at your scores is to visit www.annualcreditreport.com where you can access and download your reports from Equifax, Experian, and Trans Union. Due to Covid, your report is free to access once a week until April 2021. 

Feel free to shoot us a message for any questions!